What If I Test Negative During the Window Period?


If you’re worried that you might have been infected in the window period, you’ll need to get tested again to be sure you don’t have HIV. If you think you might have been exposed within the last 72 hours, talk to your doctor right away about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), medications that can prevent infection.

 

Types of HIV Tests


  • Standard HIV Blood Test This test uses blood that a technician takes from your vein and sends to a lab. It can find antibodies (proteins your immune system makes when you’ve been exposed to the virus) 23 to 90 days after infection.
  • Antibody/Antigen Test These tests look for both antibodies and an antigen, a substance the virus makes before your immune system can start making antibodies. An antibody/antigen test that uses blood from a vein can find HIV 18 to 45 days after you’re exposed to the virus.
  • Newer antigen/antibody combination tests (you might hear them called “fourth generation” tests) can find HIV in 99% of people who are tested within 13 to 42 days of exposure. This test has become the standard HIV blood test in most labs.
  • Rapid Blood Test One type looks for antibodies using a drop of blood from a prick of your fingertip. It’s about as accurate as a laboratory-based antibody test, but its window period could be longer -- between 18 and 90 days. An antibody/antigen test can also use blood from a prick of your fingertip. It may also take longer to turn positive than a laboratory-based antibody/antigen test. The window period for this test is 18 to 90 days.
  • Rapid Oral Test You can do this quick, easy test at home. Just rub a swab in the area between your gums and teeth to collect a sample of oral fluid (it isn’t the same as saliva) for antibodies against HIV. If you’ve have had the virus for a while, the rapid oral test is highly accurate. But if you have a new infection, even if you got it in the past few months, the test won’t be as reliable. The window period is 23 to 90 days.
  • Urine Test These also look for HIV antibodies, but they aren’t as accurate as other tests that check either your blood or oral fluid. Because it’s an antibody test, its window period is similar to that of a standard HIV test.
  • Nucleic Acid Tests (NAT/PCR) These tests look for HIV in a window period of around 10 to 33 days after infection. They screen for signs of the HIV virus itself, not your antibodies to it. You may also hear this called an HIV RNA or a viral load test. It uses blood taken from a vein. You probably won’t get this expensive test unless you have symptoms and the doctor thinks you have a recent infection. It’s most often used to see how people who already have HIV respond to treatment.