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The Varicella zoster virus, identified as human herpesvirus 3, is among the nine herpes viruses documented to affect human
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a herpes virus that causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster). It is highly contagious, primarily transmitted through direct contact or inhalation of aerosols from vesicular fluid. VZV establishes latency in sensory neurons and can reactivate later in life, leading to shingles. Vaccination and antiviral medications are available for the prevention and treatment of VZV infections.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a human herpesvirus that belongs to the alphaherpesvirus subfamily. It is one of nine known herpes viruses that can infect humans. VZV is the causative agent of two distinct clinical conditions: chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster).
Chickenpox, primarily affecting children and young adults, is characterized by a widespread rash of itchy vesicles (blisters) on the skin.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) establishes latency in sensory neurons after the primary infection, and later reactivates to cause shingles. Shingles are characterized by a painful rash with blisters that follow a specific distribution on one side of the body.
Persistent pain from shingles can result in postherpetic neuralgia. VZV is specific to humans and can survive in the environment quickly. It can also infect the central nervous system, leading to complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis. In rare cases, VZV infection during pregnancy can cause severe fetal damage.
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The virus enters the body through the respiratory system and has an incubation period of 10–21 days. Infected individuals become contagious 1-2 days before the appearance of skin lesions. Chickenpox is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact or inhalation of aerosols from the vesicular fluid.
VZV is not considered a sexually transmitted disease. Although the virus can be transmitted through direct contact with active shingles lesions, it does not cause genital herpes. However, the virus that causes genital herpes is another herpesvirus known as the herpes simplex virus (HSV), specifically HSV-2.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can cause various symptoms and complications, depending on the specific condition it causes.
Here are the symptoms and complications associated with VZV infections:
Symptoms of chickenpox (Varicella):
The complications of chickenpox can include:
Symptoms of Herpes Zoster (Shingles):
The complications of shingles can include:
It's worth noting that vaccination against VZV has been shown to reduce the severity and complications associated with both chickenpox and shingles. If you suspect you have a VZV infection, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, can bring about significant discomfort and complications, especially for individuals over 50. To combat this, vaccines like Shingrix have emerged as powerful tools for preventing shingles and related complications.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection can be tested using various laboratory methods. The specific test or combination of tests used depends on the purpose of the testing and the stage of the disease. Here are some common methods used for VZV testing.
One of the most effective ways is by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. PCR is a highly sensitive and specific method used to detect the presence of VZV DNA in samples. It can be performed on various specimens, including vesicle fluid, respiratory secretions, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood. PCR helps diagnose active VZV infections, including chickenpox and shingles.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can cause primary and reactivation infections in several medical conditions. Here are the main conditions associated with VZV:
It's important to note that vaccination against VZV has significantly reduced the incidence and severity of these conditions. Vaccination is recommended to prevent chickenpox and reduce the risk of developing shingles later in life.
Prevention and treatment of VZV infections involve several approaches. Vaccination is available to prevent varicella (chickenpox) and shingles. The live attenuated VZV vaccine, Varivax, is recommended for children and has shown effectiveness in preventing varicella infection. Vaccines such as Shingrix have been developed and recommended for adults over a certain age to prevent shingles.
Antiviral medications like acyclovir, famciclovir, and valaciclovir can be used to treat VZV infections. These drugs can help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, especially when administered early in the course of the infection. However, intravenous administration is often required for effective treatment.
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For individuals living with HIV, the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) can pose unique challenges and risks. Here's some information on how VZV can affect people with HIV:
It's crucial for people with HIV to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their HIV infection and take appropriate precautions to prevent VZV infections. Regular HIV care, adherence to ART, and vaccination when indicated can help reduce the risk and severity of VZV-related complications in individuals living with HIV.
Sometimes you might not be able to go to a STD clinics when you have concerns about your health. PULSE now offers PULSE Telemedicine & Teleconsult, enabling both new and existing patients to connect with doctors from 16 branches across 6 countries during clinic hours for non-emergency consultations. After the consultation, medications are delivered directly to the patient's doorstep.
After completing treatment through our teleconsult services, your doctor may recommend a PCR test as a follow-up test of cure. This is to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment and that the prescribed medication has successfully eliminated the infection. We prioritize your health by confirming that no infection remains in your system, helping to prevent persistent or recurrent infections, complications, or the development of drug resistance. Typically, this test is performed around three weeks after your final day of treatment to ensure optimal results.
Teleconsult is now available for booking through our staff at PULSE Clinic. Our team will help guide you through the process to ensure your session with one of our doctors goes as smoothly as possible for you. Contact us at info.bkk@pulse-clinic.com o/ๅr chat on your preferred platform:
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